We will finally talk about Digital Asset Management (DAM).This consists of management tasks and decisions. Digital asset management systems include computer software and hardware systems that aid in the process of digital asset management. The media asset management (MAM) sub-category of digital asset management mainly addresses audio, video and other media content. The more recent concept of enterprise content management (ECM) often deals with solutions which address similar features but in a wider range of industries or applications. What this is all about is storing your files online. You can obviously save your files onto the desktop in their own folder but say if you needed a backup of them or needed to access them from a different computer how would you go about it? Storing the files online is a very easy thing to do.
It is of huge importance to save your files in at least three locations being desktop organised into appropriate folders, USB and finally online storage. When archiving data it is seen as important to burn onto a dvd and then store in a cool dry area away from any kind of fire hazard such as heater. However I find that online storage such as dropbox or i-cloud is the safest location to store images and manage your archiving.
I imagine a lot of you have got a hotmail address. If you have noticed when you now send an E-mail you are prompted by something called Windows Skydrive. This is a program that is merged in with hotmail. What it does is basically acts as an extension to your computer storage. You can create folders just like on the desktop and just add your work to them. These can then be accessed when you log onto your E-mail account, no matter where you are. Skydrive allows up to 5GB of free storage. There are many other type on online storage centres. Mediafire is one that at first sounded too good to be true. Unlimited storage for free. It is now one of the most used online store centres. It has over 500,00 users around the globe. I myself use Dropbox. It's not the best as you only get 2.25GB free storage but I'm not one to use loads of space so for me that's more than enough. If you are needing to have more space and need to access your folders and files online you first of all need to make an account. Usually just an E-mail address and a chosen password will be all you need to do.
If you have a hotmail account then you already have 5GB of free space to use all you would need to do is log in with your hotmail address and that's it sorted. With others when you sign up they would usually send you a confirmation E-mail to make sure that you aren't trying to hack anyone or do anything like that. To confirm the E-mail all you need to do is log onto your E-mail address and then find the E-mail from whoever it is you have signed up with and just click confirm. When you confirm you are agreeing with their terms and conditions too. Now onto colour management. In digital imaging systems, colour management is the controlled conversion between the colour representations of various devices, such as image scanners, digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset presses, and corresponding media.
The main goal for colour management is to obtain good matches over all colour devices. What this means is that if something has been filmed on a digital camera, it has to show up on a television, PC monitor and as a printed poster as the same colour that it was filmed in. Colour management helps to achieve the same appearance on all of the electronic devices listed above. Most of the colour management technology is already implemented within the operating system (OS). A cross-platform view of colour management is the use of an ICC-compatible colour management system. ICC stands for The International Colour Consortium. You can approach the colour management system other than just using the ICC. At the consumer levels colour management currently applies to still images rather than videos, so basically colour management is still in its infancy. There are two different types of colour profiles, Embedding and Working spaces. Image formats themselves such as JPEG, PNG, TIFF, PDF, SVG and EPS may already contain embedded colour profiles but they're not required to do this by the image format. The ICC was designed to bring developers and manufactures together. The ICC standards permits the exchange of colour spaces and output device characteristics in the form of meta data. This then allows the embedding of colour profiles into images as well as storing them in a database or a profile directory.
The other type of colour profile is working spaces. Working spaces such as sRGB, Adobe RGB and ProPhoto. These are colour spaces that facilitate good results while editing. An example of this is, pixels with the equal usage of RGB should appear neutral. Using a large or a gamut working space will lead to posterization and using a small working space will lead to clipping. There are obviously different operating systems over the rage of different computers. These all have different ways of providing colour management. The Mac OS has provided colour management since 1993 through a program called colour sync. From 1997 the colour management in windows has be provided by an ICC colour management system. Starting off with windows vista, Microsoft introduced a new architecture called Windows colour system. Operating systems that use the X window system for graphics use the ICC profiles and support for colour management on Linux. In 2005 most web browsers ignored the colour profiles. Safari 2.0 and Firefox 3 were the only exceptions. In Firefox 3.0 it was disabled by default but users can enable it themselves if they need to. They do this by installing an add on and they could enable either ICC v2 or ICC v4 colour management. Since Firefox 3.5 colour management is enabled by default but this is only for tagged images. IE9 (Internet Explorer 9) is the first Microsoft browser to partly support ICC profiles. The only problem is that it doesn't render images correctly according to the windows ICC settings. All it does is converts non sRGB images to the sRGB profile so it doesn't really provide any colour management at all. Finally as of 2011 Goggle Chrome doesn't support colour management by default.
Wednesday, 14 March 2012
Tuesday, 13 March 2012
Unit 35
In this unit I will be talking about how to undertake the technical adjustments of images. There are two types of colour models and those are RGB and CMYK. RGB is used for uploading photos on the internet. So when you're making a design in Photoshop or Inkscape you need to make sure that when you open a new page you choose the RGB format if you're planning to upload the image to the web. RGB means Red, Green and Blue and these are the three primary colours of the colour model. The main purpose of using RGB is for the sensing and the display of images on an electronic device i.e the computer. RGB isn't just used on a computer though, it is an input system on most electronic devices such as a colour television and video cameras. I say most electronic devices because obviously on non colour television then you won't need an RGB input device because their is obviously no colour. RGB is also an output device because its what comes out of the electrical devices such as the televisions (LED, Plasma,CRT, etc) and computer monitors. Colour printers on the other hand aren't RGB colour models but they are in fact the subtractive colour devices or typically know as CMYK devices. CMYK is used for printing simply because it looks better when you print in CMYK. If you're printing off documents or images for a client or the company or even yourself then you want them to look good and they need to be clear. If they aren't then the client or company won't be best pleased with the image. If it is good quality and clear then this shows that you know the difference between RGB and CMYK colour models it also makes the customer happy because they can see exactly what you have produced as it will be clear enough to see. CMYK comes from RGB and just like RGB the letters for CMYK have a meaning to. Cyan (Green and Blue) Magenta (Red and Blue) Yellow (Red and Green) The K stands for Black or Key and is therefor added to the model because black can't be made by the three subtractive primaries. (when they're all added together they create a dark brown). As I said before CMYK is used in the printing process. It is a four colour printing process and this is obviously because of the four colours. When the colours are combined on paper they're actually created by tiny little dots. You then see the completed image as it looks on the screen but on paper. Graphic designers also use CMYK. Yes they see their work on monitors as RGB but when they come to finally printing it, it will be CMYK. They must make sure that they convert their digital files to CMYK format before they send their work to the printers. Because of this issue it's a good idea to use swatches.
When designing you want your work to look at its best and what a swatch does is makes sure that the colour matching is exact. Swatches also provide the designer and the client with a preview of what the colour would look like when its on paper. Then a selected swatch could then be chosen in Photoshop, Inkscape or any other design program. With a monitor being RGB and printing being CMYK BMP or .TIF file. If you wish to reduce the file size (the number of mega bites required to save the file) then you would save the image as a .JPG or a .PNG file. This way you can choose the amount of compression you want before saving the image.
It is important to consider compatibility of images when designing. If you are creating graphics online then the file needs to be set at 72dpi saved as a jpeg, however if it is going to print the file needs to be 300dpi saved as a tiff. Another thing to remember about pixels and resolution is that the bigger an image is then the more mega bites are required to save the file obviously because its a larger file. Think of it like a money box, if you have a money box that allows you to save 100 £1 coins and you need to save more because you have more than 100 £1 coins then you will require a bigger money box. You also need to remember than when a file isn't compressed its quality is good but when you compress an image yes it does mean you won't need as much mega bites to save the file but you are risking the quality of the image. It doesn't matter how big you want to print something. It can be as big as you want it to be. If you have an image that is 800X400 then you can print it like that but if you want it bigger then you will start to see blocks. We call this pixelization. If you played computer games such as the first Sims game then you will know what pixelization is. You should make sure that when you're printing something off that the printer can handle it. This is where DPI comes into everything. DPI means Dots or Pixels Per Inch. If you want to print an image that is 800X400 and you want to print that to 200DPI you do this equation. Length divided by DPI and height divided by DPI. So that is 4.0X2.0. If you print that at 200DPI then the quality would be good. 200DPI is what is recommended as the minimum for good quality printing.
It is important to have accurate metadata being both technical and descriptive. Technical being metadata stored on a camera such as shutter speed, aperture and make etc.. This can also be searchable metadata when using images on the web with specified data relative to the image. Descriptive could be relevant to copywrite status or the name of photographer or designer.
Finally we must talk about the copyright issues of photography. There are five points that I will list so that you understand the copyright laws.
1. Who owns the copyright on photographs?
The photographer owns the copyright on any photo that they have taken unless they work for a company and they take a picture for them on their behalf then the company that the photographer works for will own the copyright to that particular photo. The other way that the photographer wouldn't own the copyright would be if they sold their work to another party, then that particular party would own the copyright of that photo. No matter what, if it is any other case then the photographer who took that photo will own the copyright to it.
2. Copyright registration.
You're probably thinking why register? Well this is a simple answer. If someone else or another party tries to steal your work and you want to sue them for copyright, if you have registered then you have the proof to show that its your work. You can also submit loads of photos and only pay a single fee so if you want your work protected then it's really worth it.
3. Using the work of others
No matter what work you want to use that belongs to someone else, be it a font style, an image or a piece of writing you should obtain permission from the owner to use it. You should also be prepared to pay a fee of some sorts because its very unlikely that a copyright owner will let you use their work for free when they have put all the effort into doing it. A copyright owner can refuse to let you use their work for any reason, no matter how silly it may be. It's their work and if they don't want you using it then that's final.
4. Marking your work.
If you're a photographer and you submit work to a company and then people call that company and ask to use a certain photograph and it isn't makers then they won't know what to tell that person calling up as they won't know who has submitted it. You should also place a copyright notice on your work so that people know its copyrighted. Doing this will help to deter infringement. If you are uploading a image to the web and you wish to copyright it then you should just edit it in Photoshop and place a copyright notice on it.
5. Model release forms
An individual has certain rights to control how their image is used. This varies from country to country depending on laws. The general rule is to protect from defamatory or to use the image as something offensive.
When designing you want your work to look at its best and what a swatch does is makes sure that the colour matching is exact. Swatches also provide the designer and the client with a preview of what the colour would look like when its on paper. Then a selected swatch could then be chosen in Photoshop, Inkscape or any other design program. With a monitor being RGB and printing being CMYK BMP or .TIF file. If you wish to reduce the file size (the number of mega bites required to save the file) then you would save the image as a .JPG or a .PNG file. This way you can choose the amount of compression you want before saving the image.
It is important to consider compatibility of images when designing. If you are creating graphics online then the file needs to be set at 72dpi saved as a jpeg, however if it is going to print the file needs to be 300dpi saved as a tiff. Another thing to remember about pixels and resolution is that the bigger an image is then the more mega bites are required to save the file obviously because its a larger file. Think of it like a money box, if you have a money box that allows you to save 100 £1 coins and you need to save more because you have more than 100 £1 coins then you will require a bigger money box. You also need to remember than when a file isn't compressed its quality is good but when you compress an image yes it does mean you won't need as much mega bites to save the file but you are risking the quality of the image. It doesn't matter how big you want to print something. It can be as big as you want it to be. If you have an image that is 800X400 then you can print it like that but if you want it bigger then you will start to see blocks. We call this pixelization. If you played computer games such as the first Sims game then you will know what pixelization is. You should make sure that when you're printing something off that the printer can handle it. This is where DPI comes into everything. DPI means Dots or Pixels Per Inch. If you want to print an image that is 800X400 and you want to print that to 200DPI you do this equation. Length divided by DPI and height divided by DPI. So that is 4.0X2.0. If you print that at 200DPI then the quality would be good. 200DPI is what is recommended as the minimum for good quality printing.
It is important to have accurate metadata being both technical and descriptive. Technical being metadata stored on a camera such as shutter speed, aperture and make etc.. This can also be searchable metadata when using images on the web with specified data relative to the image. Descriptive could be relevant to copywrite status or the name of photographer or designer.
Finally we must talk about the copyright issues of photography. There are five points that I will list so that you understand the copyright laws.
1. Who owns the copyright on photographs?
The photographer owns the copyright on any photo that they have taken unless they work for a company and they take a picture for them on their behalf then the company that the photographer works for will own the copyright to that particular photo. The other way that the photographer wouldn't own the copyright would be if they sold their work to another party, then that particular party would own the copyright of that photo. No matter what, if it is any other case then the photographer who took that photo will own the copyright to it.
2. Copyright registration.
You're probably thinking why register? Well this is a simple answer. If someone else or another party tries to steal your work and you want to sue them for copyright, if you have registered then you have the proof to show that its your work. You can also submit loads of photos and only pay a single fee so if you want your work protected then it's really worth it.
3. Using the work of others
No matter what work you want to use that belongs to someone else, be it a font style, an image or a piece of writing you should obtain permission from the owner to use it. You should also be prepared to pay a fee of some sorts because its very unlikely that a copyright owner will let you use their work for free when they have put all the effort into doing it. A copyright owner can refuse to let you use their work for any reason, no matter how silly it may be. It's their work and if they don't want you using it then that's final.
4. Marking your work.
If you're a photographer and you submit work to a company and then people call that company and ask to use a certain photograph and it isn't makers then they won't know what to tell that person calling up as they won't know who has submitted it. You should also place a copyright notice on your work so that people know its copyrighted. Doing this will help to deter infringement. If you are uploading a image to the web and you wish to copyright it then you should just edit it in Photoshop and place a copyright notice on it.
5. Model release forms
An individual has certain rights to control how their image is used. This varies from country to country depending on laws. The general rule is to protect from defamatory or to use the image as something offensive.
Monday, 12 March 2012
My Screencast-O-matic work
I have made a video showing how I planned out my portfolio. I did it using photoshop. There are somethings I didn't start from scratch because I couldn't remember the links for the images. But I will explain how everything is done before you watch the video. The background is something that I did myself and you import that the same was as you do with the images just make sure that the background is the first image that you put in. The links aren't actually links since it's only Photoshop and not Dreamweaver. What you do is create a text box and then just type out the links so that you have a brief idea of where they are going to be on your actual portfolio. Just because I used . JPG files doesn't mean that you have to. You can use . PNG files if you have made an image in Inkscape and then exported it as a PNG file. You will also notice that in the video I transform an image. I scale the image and you will see that I click a little paperclip icon. This is important because if you import an image and wish to make it bigger and you don't click this paperclip icon then the image will appear all pixilated. This won't happen if you click the paperclip icon.
Here is the video which I created to show you how to import photos on Photoshop and how to turn a simple title into a good looking title.
Here is the video which I created to show you how to import photos on Photoshop and how to turn a simple title into a good looking title.
Unit 24 -Part II
Now I must send a quote to someone through Design Crowd. This is a live project and I am not pretending to be a graphic designer, I am a graphic designer. I will post screenshots to show you how to submit quotes and how they should be with in reason.
As you can see what I have done is ask that any traveling or accommodation is paid for, this way I am making the most amount of money that I can. I myself have unlimited minutes on my phone so I don't need to worry about the cost of a phone bill as it's always going to be the same. If I do get chosen for this design then I will be making a good amount of profit considering my electricity and internet is cheep.
Unit 24 - Part I
I have been told to do a practical task which is to make myself an Account Sheet in Excel. It is very important that every graphic designer does this so that they can keep on top of their money. If a designer was to just charge what they thought was best without taking into account of what everything would cost then their is a strong chance that they would lose profit rather than make it. I have designed my own spread sheet which takes care of the basic costs. In part 2 I will add to the spread sheet so that I know how much I will have to spend and then I will know how much I should submit my quote for so that I make as much profit as I can.
Here is my spreadsheet:
Here is my spreadsheet:
Here is the link to my dropbox file with my spreadsheet in for you to see: https://www.dropbox.com/home/Accounts%20Sheet
Unit 27
A Flash animation or Flash cartoon is an animated film which is created using Adobe Flash or similar animation software. The reason animations are used used online is so your website is not static and generates attention to your site. Flash animation is 2D animation which is very simple to make and even though it's so simple it can look incredibly nice depending on how good you are at using flash animation software. Flash animation is often saved as a .swf file format. The term Flash animation not only refers to the file format but to a certain kind of movement and visual style which, in many circles is seen as simplistic or unpolished. Flash animation has been used before on television for cartoons on channels such as cartoon network and CBBC. It is also used on computers and on websites. An example of this is a website called www.wix.com. This website is one which allows you to build a mini site of your own. One thing which I have used wix for is my Facebook page. Here is the link https://www.facebook.com/JamesSneeDesign/. With it being all made in flash it's usually quite slow to load up. My website itself also uses flash animation. The title which is my name flashing from black to green and then the rollover of all the images below it. Flash is very easy to get used to. At first I thought it would be hard but it's really not as difficult as it looks. On my own website for the name flashing part at the top all I used was a background image which is the gray and then two different images I created in Inkscape, one which is black with a green background and the other which is green with a black background. I then added the images into flash and just worked from there. I made the time frame 70 and then placed my background image to go for the whole 70 then I added the two images and made the first one go for 35 then the other for 35 also and it just repeats itself. That's how simple using flash is although you can create more complex things this wasn't that difficult. If a client wants some work done on flash then you must make sure that it fits with the work you're already doing for them. Take my title change for example, I have kept the same colours as the website, I haven't done anything outrageous and made any dramatic changes. When doing work for a client you must make sure you do the same. When saving a flash design you must make sure that you save it as the right format. Like I said earlier it usually tends to be a .swf file. You must also make sure that you save the file that is relevant to the client whom you are doing it for, for example if you were doing a title for vet company save it as vettitle.swf.
Unit 25
In this section we will be talking about text editing and copy for interactive media. A text editor is a program used for editing plain text files. They are usually provided with software packages or with the operating system itself. When I say plain text files you probably think I mean word documents. I don't. There is a difference between plain text files and word documents. A plain text file is something which is represented and edited by showing all of the characters as they are present in the file. Plain text files are often used for programming and configuration rather than as documentation E.G. detailed instructions and user guides. In the past they were used for this. Documents made in a word processor are generally control characters. They enable functions such as bold, italic, underline, fonts, tables etc. These and other common formatting symbols were once only used with desktop publishing software but now they are used in the simplest word processor. Word processing software can usually edit a plain text file and then save it back to the old plain text file but you must tell word that you want to do that or else it would just save as a document. It's really important that you specify they type of save file, just like with HTML and configuration. It is important to specify proerties relative to the target medium or platform i.e. a mobile phone, tablet or computer screen. In doing so you must specify point size or DPI resolution. On doing so you must preview material relevant to the medium making sure the copy reads correctly within the browser undergoing cross browser compatibility within the browser. You must consider paragraph structure such as sentences and readabilty when taking into account scrolling and positioning regarding interactive mediums.
Before text editors existed computer text was punched into punched cards with keypunch machines. The text was then carried in a box full of brown cardboard cards. It was then read by a card reader. If cards weren't used then it would be paper tape which was generated by teletape machines. The first ever text editors were known as line editors. They didn't provide a window or screen oriented display. To minimise typing they usually had very short commands which would produce the current line. Amongst that was a command to print selected sections of the file on the typewriter.
When computer terminals with video screens became available screen based text editors or more commonly known as the screen editor became commonly used. One of the earliest screen editors was the O28 which was written for the CDC 6000 series machines in 1967. Another early development was the VI which was developed in 1970. Even though it was written over 40 years ago its still a standard editor used today for Unix and Linux operating systems.
There are different types of text editors. Some are small and simple where as others are bigger and much more complex to use. Unix operating systems use the VI editor and Microsoft systems use the notepad which I'm sure you're all familiar with and its very easy to use. Under the mac's OS there is a very simple text editor called Simpletext. It was then replaced under mac OS X by Textedit. Some other text editors such as Wordstar have duel operating modes which allow them to act as either a text editor or a word processor. Now we will move onto proof reading. It is very important to proof read your work. Yes the computer can do that for you by using a built in spell checker but that doesn't always correct the mistakes you will have made yourself. The computer may be in a different language style so when your typing and its on U.S on word then it would replace colour with color. Even though they mean the same it wouldn't look very good if you're doing work for an English client and giving them work that you have produced with American words. So when you proof read you must check the work yourself, read it out loud to yourself and not just the one time. You must do this to make sure that it makes sense.
Fair enough you could type stuff out and read it in your head and think it makes perfect sense but you don't know for sure until you read it out loud to yourself. The spell checker also may not notice punctuation which you have missed out. If you are doing work for someone then it must be at a professional standard at all times. So yes this does mean that you have to have punctuation in all the correct places. This is all to do with handing in your finished work. If you hand so work to a client and it doesn't make sense or the punctuation is really bad then they will be thinking why have I hired this guy when he isn't a professional. They would then write reviews about you and tell people to go somewhere else if they want work done. This looks bad on you and makes you look like you can't do your job properly.
Now onto the media ethics. Media ethics is the subdivision of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. The field covers many varied and highly controversial topics, ranging from war journalism to Benetton advertising. There is the ethics of journalism. First there is news manipulation. News can can be manipulating and manipulated. An example of this is the governments with censorship and corporations with share ownership. Manipulation can be voluntary or involuntary and those being manipulated may or may not know about it. The public interest. basically what this means is that if military secrets got out or other government related issues got out to the public, it may be of public interest but this is one of those terms that isn't easy to define. Privacy is also a factor in any media. publication isn't necessarily justified even if it's true. Privacy is a right and it's a one what conflicts with free speech. Conflict with the law. Journalistic ethics may conflict with the law over issues such as the protection of confidential news source deception, trespass and similar crimes just to obtain news. Onto the ethics of media entertainment. The depiction of violence and sex, and the presence of strong language. Ethical guidelines and legislation in this area are common. Most media such as games and films are subject to ratings systems and supervision by agencies. Stereotypes. Both advertising and entertainment media make heavy use of stereotypes. Stereotypes may negatively affect people's perceptions of themselves or promote socially undesirable behaviour. Finally we will move onto media and democracy. In democratic countries, a special relationship exists between media and government. Although the freedom of the media may be constitutionally enshrined and have precise legal definition and enforcement, the exercise of that freedom by individual journalists is a matter of personal choice and ethics. Modern democratic government subsists in representation of millions by hundreds. For the representatives to be accountable, and for the process of government to be transparent, effective communication paths must exist to their constituents. Today these paths consist primarily of the mass media, to the extent that if press freedom disappeared, so would most political accountability.
Before text editors existed computer text was punched into punched cards with keypunch machines. The text was then carried in a box full of brown cardboard cards. It was then read by a card reader. If cards weren't used then it would be paper tape which was generated by teletape machines. The first ever text editors were known as line editors. They didn't provide a window or screen oriented display. To minimise typing they usually had very short commands which would produce the current line. Amongst that was a command to print selected sections of the file on the typewriter.
When computer terminals with video screens became available screen based text editors or more commonly known as the screen editor became commonly used. One of the earliest screen editors was the O28 which was written for the CDC 6000 series machines in 1967. Another early development was the VI which was developed in 1970. Even though it was written over 40 years ago its still a standard editor used today for Unix and Linux operating systems.
There are different types of text editors. Some are small and simple where as others are bigger and much more complex to use. Unix operating systems use the VI editor and Microsoft systems use the notepad which I'm sure you're all familiar with and its very easy to use. Under the mac's OS there is a very simple text editor called Simpletext. It was then replaced under mac OS X by Textedit. Some other text editors such as Wordstar have duel operating modes which allow them to act as either a text editor or a word processor. Now we will move onto proof reading. It is very important to proof read your work. Yes the computer can do that for you by using a built in spell checker but that doesn't always correct the mistakes you will have made yourself. The computer may be in a different language style so when your typing and its on U.S on word then it would replace colour with color. Even though they mean the same it wouldn't look very good if you're doing work for an English client and giving them work that you have produced with American words. So when you proof read you must check the work yourself, read it out loud to yourself and not just the one time. You must do this to make sure that it makes sense.
Fair enough you could type stuff out and read it in your head and think it makes perfect sense but you don't know for sure until you read it out loud to yourself. The spell checker also may not notice punctuation which you have missed out. If you are doing work for someone then it must be at a professional standard at all times. So yes this does mean that you have to have punctuation in all the correct places. This is all to do with handing in your finished work. If you hand so work to a client and it doesn't make sense or the punctuation is really bad then they will be thinking why have I hired this guy when he isn't a professional. They would then write reviews about you and tell people to go somewhere else if they want work done. This looks bad on you and makes you look like you can't do your job properly.
Now onto the media ethics. Media ethics is the subdivision of applied ethics dealing with the specific ethical principles and standards of media, including broadcast media, film, theatre, the arts, print media and the internet. The field covers many varied and highly controversial topics, ranging from war journalism to Benetton advertising. There is the ethics of journalism. First there is news manipulation. News can can be manipulating and manipulated. An example of this is the governments with censorship and corporations with share ownership. Manipulation can be voluntary or involuntary and those being manipulated may or may not know about it. The public interest. basically what this means is that if military secrets got out or other government related issues got out to the public, it may be of public interest but this is one of those terms that isn't easy to define. Privacy is also a factor in any media. publication isn't necessarily justified even if it's true. Privacy is a right and it's a one what conflicts with free speech. Conflict with the law. Journalistic ethics may conflict with the law over issues such as the protection of confidential news source deception, trespass and similar crimes just to obtain news. Onto the ethics of media entertainment. The depiction of violence and sex, and the presence of strong language. Ethical guidelines and legislation in this area are common. Most media such as games and films are subject to ratings systems and supervision by agencies. Stereotypes. Both advertising and entertainment media make heavy use of stereotypes. Stereotypes may negatively affect people's perceptions of themselves or promote socially undesirable behaviour. Finally we will move onto media and democracy. In democratic countries, a special relationship exists between media and government. Although the freedom of the media may be constitutionally enshrined and have precise legal definition and enforcement, the exercise of that freedom by individual journalists is a matter of personal choice and ethics. Modern democratic government subsists in representation of millions by hundreds. For the representatives to be accountable, and for the process of government to be transparent, effective communication paths must exist to their constituents. Today these paths consist primarily of the mass media, to the extent that if press freedom disappeared, so would most political accountability.
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